customized packing iran chemical additive rubber antioxidant ippd
customized packing iran chemical additive rubber antioxidant ippd
customized packing iran chemical additive rubber antioxidant ippd
customized packing iran chemical additive rubber antioxidant ippd
customized packing iran chemical additive rubber antioxidant ippd
  • Do antioxidants and their TPS increase environmental risk awareness of rubber products?
  • To our knowledge, this is the first review on antioxidants and their TPs in the environment, which may elevate the environmental risk awareness of rubber products and their TPs in the near future.
  • Can a rubber antioxidant enter the environment with tire-wear particles (Twps)?
  • Recently, it was reported that the rubber antioxidant N - (1,3-dimethylbutyl)- N′ -phenyl- p -phenylenediamine (6PPD or antioxidant 4020), a typical tire rubber antioxidant, could enter the surrounding environment together with tire-wear particles (TWPs) [7, 8].
  • What are unidentified chemicals and related transformation products (TPS)?
  • Many unidentified chemicals and related transformation products (TPs) are released into the environment during the life-cycle of commercial products. Efforts in evaluating their adverse impacts were usually not taken until these chemicals become globally ubiquitous.
  • What is the global consumption of rubber antioxidants?
  • To date, the annual global consumption of rubber antioxidants is over 700,000 tons, accounting for about 40% of the total amount of rubber additives. This is about twice higher than that of phosphorus flame retardants, a group of emerging pollutants which received great attention in the past decades .