indonesia rubber accelerator mptd(ddts) export
indonesia rubber accelerator mptd(ddts) export
indonesia rubber accelerator mptd(ddts) export
indonesia rubber accelerator mptd(ddts) export
indonesia rubber accelerator mptd(ddts) export
  • Do Indonesian rubber product exporters have extensive and intensive margins?
  • This study scrutinizes the determinant of extensive and intensive margins of rubber product exporters in Indonesia over the period 2009–2018. A sample of 23 countries that mostly import Indonesia’s rubber products was analyzed using dynamic short panel data with a two-step system generalized method of moment (GMM).
  • Why does Indonesia have a negative impact on rubber trade margins?
  • This negative effect on the rubber trade margins implies that Indonesia is not able to meet the standards imposed by the importing countries or its export destinations countries. Therefore, this causes a decrease in rubber export due to the imposed standard requirements that could result in increased production and transportation cost.
  • How does standardization affect Indonesia's rubber export?
  • This effect will result in an increase in production due to standardization and other procedures that must be met to export to the destination countries. A study by Virginia reports that SPS negatively affects Indonesia’s rubber export while TBT positively affects rubber export to destination countries.
  • Do sanitary and phytosanitary policies affect rubber trade margins?
  • A special emphasis has been paid to the role of non-tariff measures such as sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS), technical barriers to trade (TBT), and gravity factors in determining rubber trade margins. Our empirical strategies uncover that sanitary and phytosanitary policies negatively affect trade margins.