zambia antioxidant 6ppd rubber additives
zambia antioxidant 6ppd rubber additives
zambia antioxidant 6ppd rubber additives
zambia antioxidant 6ppd rubber additives
zambia antioxidant 6ppd rubber additives
  • Are P-phenyl-enediamine (PPD) antioxidants in recycled tire rubber products toxic?
  • Sci. Technol. 2023, 57, 2779−2791 ABSTRACT: Recently, roadway releases of N,N′-substituted p-phenyl-enediamine (PPD) antioxidants and their transformation products (TPs) received significant attention due to the highly toxic 6PPD-quinone. However, the occurrence of PPDs and TPs in recycled tire rubber products remains uncharacterized.
  • Which industrial rubber additives have higher chemical concentrations?
  • Furthermore, we quantified 15 other industrial rubber additives (including bonding agents, vulcanization accelerators, benzotriazole and benzothiazole derivatives, and diphenylamine antioxidants), observing that PPD-derived chemical concentrations were 0.5–6 times higher than these often-studied additives.
  • How can Antioxidants improve the antioxidative capacity of the rubber matrix?
  • Generally speaking, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, there are two main strategies to improve the antioxidant's antioxidative capability for the rubber matrix: (i) using two or more antioxidants together, and (ii) molecular design of antioxidants. Fig. 2.
  • Are PPD-derived compounds present in rubber consumer products?
  • These data indicated the presence of PPD-derived compounds in multiple rubber consumer products at concentrations that are often similar or higher than the more well-known HMMM, DPG, benzothia-zoles, and benzotriazoles.