zambia chemical antioxidant ippd with low cost
zambia chemical antioxidant ippd with low cost
zambia chemical antioxidant ippd with low cost
zambia chemical antioxidant ippd with low cost
zambia chemical antioxidant ippd with low cost
  • Do substituted para phenylenediamine (PPD) antioxidants affect the environment?
  • Substituted para -phenylenediamine (PPD) antioxidants have been extensively used to retard oxidative degradation of tire rubber and were found to pervade multiple environmental compartments. However, there is a paucity of research on the environmental occurrences of their transformation products.
  • How many rubber antioxidants are produced in China?
  • China is one of the main countries producing rubber antioxidants, and the production accounts for more than 70% of the total amount globally. The production of rubber antioxidants in China ranged from 365,000 to 378,000 tons during 2016–2020, showing a constant annual trend .
  • Which antioxidants are used in rubber vulcanization?
  • The amine and phenolic antioxidants are the most widely used rubber antioxidants (Fig. 1 b and c). Generally, the phenolic antioxidants have poor antioxidative efficiency (compared to amine antioxidants) and they can delay vulcanization, but they cause little discoloration problems.
  • Does antioxidant 2246 protect rubber from aging?
  • Among them, antioxidant 2246 has a good performance to protect rubber from aging caused by heat, oxygen, and metals. Because hydrogen in phenolic antioxidants can combine with the oxygen in air, their antiaging efficiency is therefore lowered compared with amine antioxidants [21, 22].