lagos sample of rubber antioxidant ippd for tires
lagos sample of rubber antioxidant ippd for tires
lagos sample of rubber antioxidant ippd for tires
lagos sample of rubber antioxidant ippd for tires
lagos sample of rubber antioxidant ippd for tires
  • Can a rubber antioxidant enter the environment with tire-wear particles (Twps)?
  • Recently, it was reported that the rubber antioxidant N - (1,3-dimethylbutyl)- N′ -phenyl- p -phenylenediamine (6PPD or antioxidant 4020), a typical tire rubber antioxidant, could enter the surrounding environment together with tire-wear particles (TWPs) [7, 8].
  • Are there alternatives to 6PPD as a rubber antioxidant?
  • Nevertheless, conclusive studies identifying superior alternatives to 6PPD as a rubber antioxidant remain scarce in the current literature. Urbanization has resulted in an increase in surface runoff, a phenomenon that plays a pivotal role in the transportation of chemicals originating from tire wear into aquatic environments.
  • Which PPD-Q compounds are found in tire rubber granules?
  • Among the various PPD-Q compounds identified in tire rubber granules (12 μg/g), rubber crumbles (0.3–25 μg/g), and recycled rubber door mats (11–26 μg/g), 6PPD-Q stands out as the most prevalent (Zhao et al., 2023b). Research indicates that sunlight not only catalyzes the formation of 6PPD-Q in TRWPs but also accelerates its breakdown.
  • Which compounds are found in tire tread particles compared to 6PPD?
  • Furthermore, compounds such as N-cyclohexyl-N′-phenylurea, N-methyl-1,1′-bicyclohexyl]-2-amine, and hexakis (methoxymethyl)melamine were identified in tire tread particles and compared to 6PPD for reference (Stack et al., 2023).