how much kenya rubber antioxidants chemicals 6ppd
how much kenya rubber antioxidants chemicals 6ppd
how much kenya rubber antioxidants chemicals 6ppd
how much kenya rubber antioxidants chemicals 6ppd
how much kenya rubber antioxidants chemicals 6ppd
  • Are 6PPD antioxidants toxic to aquatic species?
  • These results reveal unanticipated risks of 6PPD antioxidants to an aquatic species and imply toxicological relevance for dissipated tire rubber residues. Humans discharge tens of thousands of chemicals and related transformation products to water (1), most of which remain unidentified and lack rigorous toxicity information (2).
  • Does 6PPD ozonation pose environmental risks?
  • 6PPD, a tire rubber antioxidant, poses substantial ecological risks because it can form a highly toxic quinone transformation product (TP), 6PPD-quinone (6PPDQ), during exposure to gas-phase ozone. Important data gaps exist regarding the structures, reaction mechanisms, and environmental occurrence of TPs from 6PPD ozonation.
  • How does microbial Fe (III) reduction affect the formation of 6ppd-q?
  • In the initial aging stage, microbial Fe (III) reduction transforms 6-PPD into 6PPD-Q (Xu et al., 2023b). Subsequently, the formation of 6PPD-Q is facilitated by environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs), resulting in the generation of O 2 •-, indicating the potential formation of 6PPD-Q without ozone presence (Xu et al., 2023b).
  • Does acetone remove 6PPD from waste rubber?
  • A parity plot of the measured extraction efficiency versus the calculated 6PPD solubility (Fig. 2e) corroborates that solubility is a crucial determinant of the solvent’s ability to remove 6PPD from waste rubber and confirms that acetone is one of the best solvents while being inexpensive and non-toxic.