high efficient south africa tmq rubber tire antioxidant
high efficient south africa tmq rubber tire antioxidant
high efficient south africa tmq rubber tire antioxidant
high efficient south africa tmq rubber tire antioxidant
high efficient south africa tmq rubber tire antioxidant
  • Can TMQ be used as a tire antioxidant?
  • This study aimed to design eco-friendly derivatives of 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline (TMQ) with increased antioxidant activity to use as tire antioxidants. Initially, seventy highly efficient derivatives of TMQ were designed by hydroxylation modifications at multiple sites.
  • Can polymerized TMQ reduce rubber oxidation?
  • The addition of polymerizable antioxidants is one of the most preferable methods to overcome rubber oxidation [14, 15]. One of the mostly used antioxidants is polymerized TMQ. It is a secondary amine and can strongly inhibit the oxidation reactions of rubber [16, 17, 18].
  • Are tire antioxidants toxic to aquatic organisms?
  • Various antioxidant derivatives are produced during the process of free radical scavenging by tire antioxidants. The toxic effects of some of these derivatives on aquatic organisms are reviewed in the literature. Tian et al. found that 6PPD-quinone, a derivative of tire antioxidant 6PPD, can cause acute death of silver salmon (Tian et al. 2021 ).
  • Which hydroxyl derivatives of TMQ have the lowest toxicity risk?
  • TMQ-6 and TMQ-48 are the hydroxyl derivatives of TMQ, with the lowest toxicity risk and the highest antioxidant activity among all the hydroxyl derivatives considered in the study. These results provide guidelines and support for future efforts toward designing highly efficient and eco-friendly tire antioxidants.